In this chapter, we will seek the answers of such essential questions. Read introducing the patterson cylindrical projection on. Pdf introducing the patterson cylindrical projection researchgate. It is a straight line drawn on mercators projection joining any. The mercator projection is a cylindrical projection that was developed for. In general, map projections fall into three standard classes. In this paper, we only show the derivation of plotting equations on a map for the mercator and. For maps of north america, powerworld supports a simple conic map projection which is described below. Map projection distorts reality a sphere is not a developable solid. So map projections are chosen based on the purposes of the map.
Projections with the name utm are not well supported i. A map is a projection of data usually from the real earth. Cylindrical map projection article about cylindrical map. Find out information about cylindrical map projection. This simple cylindrical projection converts the globe into a cartesian grid. Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1. A geographic coordinate systems pdf file which contains lists of supported gcs and vcs. It is now known to have been used for the tunhuang star chart as early as 940 by chien lochih. To make these representations, the cartographer must calculate geographic features so that they are represented as close to real as possible.
Which projection is most suitably used for which area. Here on theres an article about patterson cylindrical. Dec 10, 2016 a map projection describes how points on a plane, such as the pixels on your screen, correspond to points on the surface of the earth. The mercator map projection is one of the most well known cylindrical map projections. Up to the end of 2019 i showed a wrong rendition of the patterson projection here having a false aspect ratio. Cylindrical projection, in cartography, any of numerous map projections of the terrestrial sphere on the surface of a cylinder that is then unrolled as a plane. Which developable surface to use for a projection depends on what region is to be mapped, its geographical extent, and the geometric properties that areas, boundaries, and routes need to have, given the purpose of the map. Without a coordinate system a map is just a drawing.
Use this procedure to convert a file from its current map projection to a specified output projection. Originally, this and other map projections were achieved by a systematic method of drawing the earths meridians and latitudes on the. May 24, 2016 it discusses the general properties of map projections, aspects of mapping accuracy, and the different projection types. Spacing between lines of latitude as they approach the poles is less than in the mercator projection. A map projection produced by projecting the geographic meridians and parallels onto a cylinder which is tangent to the surface of a sphere, and then. Feb 21, 2011 an overview of different map projections. Understanding map projections landing page for kartoweb. A map derived from a secant projection surface has less overall distortion than a map from a tangent surface. Map projections a map projection is used to portray all or part of the round earth on a flat surface. Although there has been no dearth of valuable books describing a wide range of map projec tions, an album of map projections is the.
The projection that results is depicted in this image. Cylindrical projection article about cylindrical projection. Light comes from a point source at the center of the globe or, in some cases, from a filament running from pole to pole along the globes axis. Notice that areas close to the equator have very little distortion. This requires a systematic transformation of the latitudes and longitudes of locations from the surface of the globe into locations on a plane. The best known map projection is named for its inventor, gerardus mercator, who developed it in 1569. This example shows the island of menorca using the utm projection, zone 31n. The equidistant cylindrical projection is a simple cylindrical projection that converts the globe into a cartesian grid. The information contained in this document is the exclusive property of esri. Maps are a twodimensional representation of a threedimensional world. In this section, by an elementary method, we show the cylindrical method that mercator used to map. The miller cylindrical projection is derived from the mercator projection. At places on map where the surface is outside the globe, features appear larger than in reality and scale factor is greater than 1.
In a typical cylindrical projection, one imagines the paper to be wrapped as a cylinder around the globe, tangent to it along the equator. This approximates the view of the earth from the sun on the winter solstice at noon in cambridge, ma. The best known transverse cylindrical projection is the transverse mercator. Manual by lev bugayevskiy and john snyder, ball state. The mercator projection is named for gerardus mercator, who presented it for navigation in 1569.
Imagine placing the movie screen around the globe in a cylinder shape. The result is that the two projections are almost identical near the equator. You clicked a link that corresponds to this matlab command. The mercator projection was used for its portrayal of direction and shape, so it was helpful to the sailors of that time. It is perpendicular to the direction of gravity pull. Each rectangular grid cell has the same size, shape, and area. Map projections cylindrical projection a cylindrical projection map is the most common type of map that we see. A cylindrical projection can be imagined in its simplest form as a cylinder that has been wrapped around a globe at the equator. Bipolar oblique conic conformal summary table general notes. Projections formed by wrapping a cylinder around a globe. The way i found to do it was opening the file and looking for a suitable option.
Run the command by entering it in the matlab command window. It decreases the distortion in area, but the compromise introduces distortion in local shape and direction. Mercator, which allows mapping from satellites with little or no distortion. Map scale distortion of a secant cylindrical projection sf 1 along secant lines. A map projection is used to portray all or part of the. Map projections displaying the earth on 2 dimensional maps the world from space projection from esri, centered at 72 west and 23 south. The mercator projection is a cylindrical projection that was developed for navigation purposes. Pdf the equal earth map projection is a new equalarea pseudocylindrical projection for world maps. The beginning of the book contains substantial introductory information about map projection families and distortions. Map projection is the method of transferring the graticule of latitude. In the case of shapefiles, this means a file containing the wellknown text wkt specification of the crs. The sketches present stereographic and cylindrical map projections and they pose some interesting challenges for doing them with a 2d drawing package pgftikz. The projection parameters these depend on the locality a datum, which defines the datum shift algorithm, the datum shift parameters, and the ellipsoid definition. Because there is no limit to the number of possible map projections, there can be no comprehensive list.
A map projection is used to portray all or part of the round earth on a flat surface. Arcview, pc arcinfo, arccad, and mapobjects are trademarks of environmental systems research institute, inc. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This procedure requires an input file, the output projection, and the resampling and warping method. Cylindrical projection definition of cylindrical projection. This projection file has the same base name as the shapefile and a. The term normal cylindrical projection is used to refer to any projection in which meridians are mapped to equally spaced vertical lines and circles of. Svg maps of the world with equirectangular projection. It was first used in europe by erhard etzlaub in 1511.
Lambert cylindrical equalarea for a spherical model of the earth. Types of cylindrical map projections you may know include the popular mercator projection, cassini, gausskruger, miller, behrmann, hobodyer, and gallpeters. Every projection has its own set of advantages and disadvantages. Introducing the patterson cylindrical projection world political map a free, editable, beautiful and very large world map, which is available in pattersons cylindrical projection and in natural earth and natural earth ii as well. In cartography, the cylindrical equalarea projection is a family of cylindrical, equalarea map projections. Map projections massachusetts institute of technology. The central parallel may be any line, but the traditional plate carree projection uses the equator. There are many different coordinate systems each one is better for certain purposes. Stereographic and cylindrical map projections tikz example. The main idea is to draw in selected 3d planes and then project onto the canvas coordinate system with an appriopriate transformation. Map projections of practical work in geography book chapter 4 map projections what is map projection. The mapmaker must select the one best suited to the needs, reducing distortion of the most important. This projection is similar to the mercator projection except that the polar regions are not as areally distorted.
Pdf in this paper, we introduce some known map projections from a model. The following sections describe and illustrate how the cylindrical, conic, and azimuthal families of map projections are. Secondly, conic map projections include the equidistant conic projection. Sep 25, 2015 this feature is not available right now. Patterson cylindrical projection compare map projections. The information contained in this document is the exclusive property of environmental systems. Jan 22, 2011 the usgs has posted a scanned file of john p. Sep 30, 2016 choosing a map projection the choice of map projection is made to give the most accurate possible representation of the geographic information, given that some distortion is inevitable. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate that the mercator and transverse mercator projections are dissimilar. For a complete analysis of the topic of map projections see reference 1.
The transverse mercator was invented by johann lambert 172877 snyder, 1987, p. The location shape size of the region to be mapped the theme or purpose of the map 37 38. The miller cylindrical projection is similar to the mercator projection except that the polar regions are not as areally distorted. Pdf the patterson cylindrical, a new projection designed for generalpurpose mapmaking, is an. The geoid is defined as the surface of the earths gravity field, which is approximately the same as mean sea level. If the graticule of latitude and longitude are projected onto the cylinder and the cylinder unwrapped, then a gridlike pattern of straight lines of latitude and longitude would result. This is a summary of map projections that have articles of their own on wikipedia or that are otherwise notable. Map projection map projection is the method of transferring the graticule of. An album of map projections should enable read ers to sharpen and in some cases to correct their knowledge of the distances, directions, and relative areas of the world. Cylindrical projection definition at, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. After watching this video, you will be able to explain what a map projection is, what a map scale is, and why they need to be carefully chosen when creating a map. Since the mass of the earth is not uniform at all points, and the direction of gravity changes, the shape of the geoid is irregular. In cartography, a map projection is a way to flatten a globes surface into a plane in order to make a map. This procedure converts among many projections in envi classic.